Rotary motor



Oct 1% 1926.

H. l. MORRIS ROTARY MOTOR Filed Nov. 24, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Get. 19 1926. 1,603,630

H. I MORRIS ROTARY M01 01;

Filed Nov, 24, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet Patented Oct. 19, 19266 UNITED STATES 1,603,630 PATENT OFFICE};

HOWARD I. MORRIS, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, T0 YODER-MORRIS COMIPANY, OF-CLEVELANID, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ROTARY MOTOR.

Application filed November 24, 1919. Serial No. 340,177.

This invention relates to rotary motors, whether the actuating medium be the prod not of explosion or combustion or be steam, compressed air or other expansible medium. The invention has for its object to provide such a rotary motor in which the live actuating medium may be inducted through a valveless port or ports and the spent actuating medium may be discharged or scavenged through a valveless port or ports, and in which two sets of two pistons may be employed Within the same or a common single cylinder. .These objects .of course are accompanied by the further advantageous objects of simplicity and inexpensiveness of construction and capability of long continued performance without the requirement of repair, valve grinding or other attention. Further and incidental objects comprise the provision of an improved rotary motor which will be relatively inexpensive in con- 'struction, compact in form, economical in performance and in which an effective lubrication may be performed, the entire motor to be generally superior'in efliciency,

reliability, durability and serviceability.

With the above and other objects in view,

the invention consists in the novel and use ful provision, formation, combination, as-

sociation, co-action. inter-relation and rela-' 'tive arrangement of parts, members and features, all as hereinafter described, shownin the drawings, and finally pointed out in claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinalv sectional view of the essential parts and features-of a rotary motor constructed (to embody the invention, said section being taken upon the line 1 Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view of the same taken upon the line 22,'Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a detail transverse sectional view taken upon the line 3-3, Figure 1, and looking in the direction of the appended arrows; and, v

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view looking in the direction of the large arrow at the right-hand side of Figure, 1. and illustrating the action of the pistons and the piston controlling features.

Referring with particularity to the drawings, A designates the water-jacketed cylinder of a motor, and B and C in one couquill shaft or sleeve 6 carries the pistons I D and E. The pistons sweep the inner surface of' the cylinder A, being provided with piston rings 8, a plurality for each position, and it is to be understood that these parts while designated as rings are actually straight and extend across the pistons in part parallel to the axis of the shaft 5, other members of such piston ring devices bein chambered in the ends of the istons and thus ranging radially thereof. uch piston ring devices are accommodated in suitable ring chambers 9, and one pair of opposed pistons at their leading piston ring devices is provided in the respective chambers 9 with distribu g gauze 10 or other equivalent material ic causes an even distribution'or gradual d stribution of the lubrication supplied to such chamber through-radial ducts 11 in the respective pistons; such ducts extend to a. duct 12 formed axially in theshaft 5 which carries suchpistons, suchduct 12 being supplied with lubrication through a supply pipe 13 at one end of such shaft; a chamber 14 being provided between such shaft end and a cup 15 applied to the bearing 16 of such shaft and thus providing for a partial supply of lubrication to such lubricating system. This system further includes radial ducts 17 in the shaft 5 extending through and to the outer surface'of the shaft 5 and adapted to periodically register with ducts 17? in the hub 18 upon the quill shaft. which hub 13 carnes the pistons D and E. Likewise this lubrleating system includes other ducts 19 extending from the duct 12 radially through the shaft 5 and lubricating the co-eng'agmg surfaces of the shaft 5 and the quill shaft 6. quill shaft 6 and adapted to register with the ducts 19 to in ricate the quill shaft in the bearing 7 I F designates generally and inclusively means for causing the pistons B and C as one pair and D and E as another pair, to execute the particular and. peculiar movements hereinafter to be recited, whereby pressure and actuating medium is utilized to in turn actuate such pistons. In the particular embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings it is to be understood that a compressed charge of combustible mixture such as vaporized gasoline or petrol mixed with air is to be used for actuating the pistons, such compressed charge, or the successive charges, being fired in what I will designate as the compression and firing chamber a. Such actuating medium is drawn in through a large inlet or induction port 20 which is shown as at the bottom of the cylinder A and as spaced but slightly from a large outlet or exhaust port 21, this port being larger than the port 20 or extending over a greater segment of the circle of the cylinder, so that the greatest possible exhaust period may be provided in the movement of each piston during such exhaust period, and through what I will designate as the exhaust chamber 72. c designates what I Will. term the induction chamber, into which fresh actuating medium is inducted or drawn by the movement of each successive piston after it has swept over and opened the inlet port 20. d designates what I will call the expansion chamber or the chamber through which each successive piston moves as the actuating medium is expanding or exerting. its strength upon such piston.

The means F above referred to cause each piston to execute two accelerations and two retardations in each complete rotation within the cylinder. Thus, the pistons B and C, being coupled together, always accelerate at the same times and always retard at the same times and periods, and the same is true of the pistons D and E. These means F also cause the piston C to twice diminish the distance between it and the piston E and twice to increase such distance, during each continuous rotation of such pistons and E in each complete rotation of such pair of pistons. The same is true with respect to the pistons E and B next ahead of it, with respect to the piston B and the piston D next ahead of it, and with respect to the piston D and the piston G next ahead of it. This is accomplished by the alternate acceleration and retardation of each such pistons, due o the action of the means F to such accelerations and to such retardations occurring in each complete rotation of the piston as above stated. These joint and combined actions of each pair of pistons namely, one mounted .upon the shaft 5 and one mounted upon the quill shaft 6, are utilized to produce a complete induction of the actuating medium into the induction chamher 0, a complete compression of such actueoaeeo ating medium in the compression and firing chamber a, a complete expansion of such actuating medium in the expansion chamber d, an a complete exhaust or evacuation of the spent actuating medium in the exhaust chamber 1). I thus obtain in the complete rotation of each piston a four-cycle action, the operative effect of which is the same as the four-cycle piston action obtained in each pair of complete excursions of the piston in. a four-cycle motor of the reciprocating piston type. this without the use of valves for the ports, and without the objectionable reversal of movement of the piston which occurs in such reciprocating types of motors. It will be understood that the pistons B and C overlap the pistons D and E, each such'piston being" substantially L-shaped as shown in Figure 1, and thus accommodating the mounting of the pistons B and C at the portion of the shaft .5 extending at one end .of the cylinder A and the mounting of the pistons D and E at the end of the quill shaft 6 and inward of the cylinder with respect to the portion of the shaft 5 which carries the pistons B and C. This is accomplished by reversing the L-shapes of the pistons D and E with respect to the tons B and C. p

Treating now specifically of the means F, the same comprise radial arms.- 22 and 23, each of which range across the axis of' the shaft 5, the arms 22 or continuous arm 22 being fast upon a hub 22 at one end of the shaft 5, and the continuous arm or arms 23 being fast upon a hub 23 fixed to the quill shaft 6. Said hubs accommodate each other so that the arms may lie in thesameitransverse plane. A fly wheel 24 is mounted to L-shapes of the pis- And I accomplish rotate upon an extension 25 projecting from one end of the cylinder or from the cylinder head 25 at that end of the cylinder and carries chambered within it four rotating parallel to the shaft 5 and provided at one end, opposed to the arms 22 and 23, with a crank 28 which is confined at its outer end in a Way or channel or groove 29 which extends lengthwise of one of the arms 22 or 23 and thus ranges radially of the shaft5. These four pinions 26 with their cranks 28 thus cooperate with the four ends of the arms 22 and 23,,and they likewise cooperate in a ratio of two to one with a fixed gear or circular rack 30 which is keyed upon the extension 25 0f the cylinder head 25, as at 30. It thus occurs that the arms 22 and 23 are rotated instep with and by the shaft 5 and quill shaft 6, and that rotation is of course caused by the actuation of the piston pairs in the cylinder. That rotation in turn causes the rotation of the fly wheel 24: and that rotation in turn causes the rotation of the four pinions 26 which are irimesh with the fixed gear or circular are 30 keyed to the cylinder head extension 25*. pi nions 26 produced in this manner necessarily causes rotation of the cranks 28 and that rotation causes a differential action to,

case may be. Thus each of the pistons is.

given two accelerations and two retardations in each of its rotations within the cylinder. The arms 22 and 23 while rotated, as stated, by the shaft 5 and quill shaft 6 are thus, it will be seen, given an irregular -or differential movement due to the action of the elements which such arms themselves ro-v tate, such rotation, namely, the rotation of the fly wheel 24 being caused by the constant forward pressure of the arms'22 and 23; and such rotation of the fly wheel being accompanied by rotation of the pinions due to the meshm of such rotatably carried inions with tie fixed gear or rack 30? nd this action, namely, this latter action, causes a rotation of the cranks 28 which produces the differential action of the arins 22 and correspondingly the pairs of istonslB and G on the one hand and D and on the other hand. It will be understood that the power generated by the motor is taken from the fly wheel 24 through a belt or other trans mission.

lrom the foregoing description taken. with the drawings, it will be easy to trace the action of the pistons and the resultantaction of the motor. 31 designates a spark plug mounted in the cylinder A and disposed 1n position to fire the charge compressed in a compression and firing chamber a. T will discuss the action of the motor by reference to the relative positions of parts shown in Figure 2. With the parts in this position, the piston C is at the end of one of its acceleration strokes and the be innmg of one of its retardation strokes. his 18 likewise true of the rigidly coupled piston B. The piston D is at theend of one of ts retardation strokes and at the beginning The rotation of the fourof one of itsacceleration strokes, and this is likewise true of the piston E. A firing of the charge in the explosion chamber a now takes place, such charge having been compressedduring an acceleration stroke of the piston B and a retardation stroke of the piston D. This charge of gas was previously inducted into the induction chamber 0 by the piston D upon an acceleration stroke. This took place during an acceleration of the piston L, namely, the acceleration stroke which was being executed through the expansion chamber d. The compression of the charge in the compression chamber a, which took place in the movement of the parts into the positions shown in Figure 2, occurred durin the expansion of actuating medium behind the piston o and likewise during its acceleration stroke in its traverse of the expansion chamber d. In the next succeeding movement of the pistons from the positions shown in Figure 2 the actuating medium in the combustion chamber a will actuate the piston D in one of its acceleration strokes and. during one of the retardation strokes of the piston 15. Succeeding such action, the piston B, in one offits acceleration strokes will exhaust the expended actuating medium from the expansion chamber d and eventually discharge it through the exhaust port 21 during the completion of such acceleration stroke of the piston B and the retardation stroke of the piston D.

Thus it will be seen that-the induction compression and firing and expansion and evacuation of a given charge of pressure medium takes place for and with respect to each piston in its complete rotation within the cylinder, each piston first inductlng a charge, then having a charge compressed and fired behind it and then exhausting from the cylinder the preceding spent charge.

lit will be noted that the exhaust and induction ports 21 and 20 are so related to each other and so formed that before the inlet port 20, opens one of. the pistons has closed the exhaust port. Thus there is no inter-communication between these ports and loss of actuating medium.

lit will be seen that all of the phases of a fly wheel is utilized in its rotation by the pistons through the arms 22 and 23 to cause rotation of the pinions 26 by their meshing with the fixed gear 30, this rotation of the pinions 26 in turn rotating the cranks 28 and imparting to the arms 22 and 23 the culiar and. particular difl'erential action which phases the pistons and produces the m v alternate accelerations and retardations of to rotate in the cylinder, there being an inlet port and also an outlet port in the cyl nder respectively for fresh and spent charges of actuating medium, a fly wheel mounted on an axis co-incident with the axis of said pistons and operated thereby in their rotation in the cylinder, and means for causing each piston to alternately accelerate and retard twice during each complete rotation in the cylinder whereby the pressure of the actuatlng medium is utilized between adjacent pistons to rotate the same and the spent actuating medium is discharged through the outlet port during each rotation of each piston; said last named means comprising rotating arms respectively coupled with the pistons, cranks 1ournaled in the flywheel and respectively slidably engaged with such arms, and means for rotating the cranks during the rotation of the fly wheel.

2. A rotary motor, comprising a cylinder, a plurality of inde endent pistons mounted to rotate in the cy inder, there bemg an 1nlet port and also an outlet port in the cylinder respectively for fresh and spent charges of actuating medium, a fly wheel operated by the pistons in their rotation in the cylinder, and means for causing each piston to alternately accelerate and retard twice during each complete rotation in the cylinder whereby the pressure of the actuatingmedium is utilized between adjacent pistons to rotate the sameand the spent actuating mediumis discharged through the outlet port during each rotation of each piston; said last named means comprising rotating .arms respectively coupledwith the pistons, cranks ournaled in tle fly wheel and respectively slidablyengaged withsuch arms, and means for rotating the cranks during the rotation of the fly wheel; there being p nions fixed to said cranks and fixed gear with which said pinions are in mesh.

3. A rotary motor, comprising a cylinder, a plurality of pairs of pistons mounted to rotate in the cylinder, there being an inlet port and also an outlet port in the cylinder respectively for fresh and spent charges of actuating medium, a fly wheel mounted on port during each rotation of each piston;

said last named means comprising rotating arms respectively coupled with the pistons, cranks journaled in the fly wheel and respectively slidably engaged with such arms, and means for rotating the cranks during thc rotation of the fly wheel; said pistons being respectively mounted upon relatively rotatable concentric shafts with which sa d arms are respectively connected.

4:. A rotary motor, including a cylinder formed with a cylinder head extension at an end thereof; a plurality of lL-shaped piston members adapted for rotation within said cylinder; a shaft passing through said cylinder and cylinder extension, certain of said pistons being carried thereby; a quill shaft partly extend ng within the cylinder and carrying other of said pistons; a hollow fly wheel carried on said cylinder extension, an annular gear keyed to said cylinder extension within said hollow fly wheel, spaced crank arms passing through said fly wheel, pinion members within the hollow fly wheel carried by the crank arms, the teeth of said pinion members being in mesh with the teeth of the annular gear; and arm members carried by the main "shaft and quill shaft with which the crank elements are in slidable engagement, whereby the piston members are caused to alternately accelerate and retard twice during each complete rotation in the cylinder,

5 A rotary motor comprising a cylinder having an inlet and an outlet, a plurality of pistons mounted to rotate in said cylinder, a shaft connected to one piston, a sleeve shaft surrounding said shaft and connected to the other piston, a fly wheel, a gear connected to the cylinder wall, pinions mounted in the fly wheel and meshing with said gear, cranks connected to said pinions, and arms respectively connected to said shaft and sleeve shaft having sliding and pivotal connection with said cranks.

In testimony whereof, name to this specification.

HOWARD 1. MORRIS I have signed my 

